Article Index: W

Walleye. Facts of Life, MJ:78; Managing Our Million-dollar Baby, MJ:78; The Best Bait, MJ:78; Lake Winnie's Walleyes, MA:81; Spring Run of the Walleyes, MA:83; Examining Our Walleye Fishery, JF:84; Probing the Secrets of the Walleye's Eye, JA:84; Minnesota's Favorite Game Fish, MJ:87; To Stock or Not? MJ:93; Rainy Lake's Sunny Forecast, ND:98

Wallop-Breaux. A Big Boost for Sport Fishing, JA:94

Walnut, black. Black Walnut: Fine Wood at a Price, ND:86; Creating the Black Walnut "Plus Tree," JF:89

Water. Resolving Water Resources Riddles, Your Lake Insurance Policy, Our Underworld of Water, A Game Plan For Water Resources, The Moods of Minnesota's Waters, Lakes and Streams and You, and Let's Take A Longer Look At Lake Improvement, JF:73; New Water Laws-What They Mean to You, JF:74; The Soil and Water Conservation Story, MA:74; A Case for Land and Water Use Policies, MJ:74; Our Rivers-Running on Borrowed Time, JA:74; Water: Can We Use it Wisely?, Save Water in Your Home, ,The Big City Copes with the Drought, ,Power Plants and Their Growing Thirst, and Northern Waters, MA:77; Water Violations, MJ:78; What Killed Rush Creek? JF:79; Water Awareness '79, JA:79; Is Minnesota's Clean Water Running Out? JA:79; What Makes Water 'Tick'? JA:79; Water Bank: Keeping Wetlands Wet, SO:79; Minnesota In The Year 2000-Water, JF:81; Why We're Using More Water Today Than Ever Before, JA:83; How Safe Is Our Drinking Water? JF:84; Counting Minnesota's Lakes and Marshes, JF:84; Bypassing the Annual Water Shortage, Surveying Our Underground Reservoir of Water, and Needed: New Regard for Our Rivers and Streams, Governor's message, SO:84; Can We Really Protect Minnesota's Groundwater? ND:84; Minnesota's Pending Water Crisis, ND:84; What is Minnesota's Water Worth? MA:85; Planning for Water in Minnesota's Future, JA:85; Water Shortages in Minnesota? It's Possible, ND:85; Polluted Runoff: New Threat to Minnesota's Water, JF:86; When Thirsty States Say "Send Us Your Water", MJ:86; 1987: Year of Flood or Drought? JF:87; Minnesota's Vast Reservoir of Underground Water, MA:87; Ensuring a Supply of High-quality Water, JF:88; Cleanup Planned for Minnesota's Rivers, MJ:88; Watersheds: Where Prime Fishing Begins, JA:88; The Clam: Gauge of Water Quality, JA:88; Leaf Watchers Follow the Trail to Autumn Color, Volunteer center color, SO:88; Do We Have Enough Water? Mapping Groundwater Leads to Answers, Governor's message, ND:88; How the 1988 Drought Hurt Minnesota's Natural Resources, JF:89; How Much Water Is Enough? MJ:90; Oil Spills and Muddy Water: Seeing the Big Picture, This Issue, MJ:91; A River Is the Watershed, MJ:91; Could an Exxon Valdez Disaster Happen Here? MJ:91; Don't Bet Against the Flood, ND:91; Portraits of Old Man River, ND:91; Will Wetland Laws Spring New Leaks?, Parting Thoughts, JF:92; The Life of a Stream, JA:92; Speak Up for Wetlands, Parting Thoughts, SO:92; A Storm Sewer Runs to It, MJ:93; Dam Yanking, MA:94

Water Bank Program. Water-Bank Deposits Save Wildlife, ND:76; Water Bank: Keeping Wetlands Wet, SO:79

Waterfowl. The Swans of Pine River, SO:73; Our Webbed-footed Ring-necks, JA:74; Mississippi Flyway Quiz, MA:75; They're Working Wonders For Waterfowl, MA:75; Duck Hunting Defined, SO:75; Welcome Back the Wood Duck, Volunteer center color, MJ:76; A Very Special Hunt, SO:77; The Winged Giants of Silver Lake, JF:79; Old Baldy, SO:79; Return of the Trumpeter, MA:81; The Business of Raising Ducks, SO:81; First Flight of the Wood Duck Chicks, MA:82; Duck Season: What Day This Year? SO:82; Bands Track Migrating Waterfowl, SO:84; Lead Shot: Silent Killer of the Flyway, ND:84; Your Back Yard: Possible Home for Wood Ducks? MA:85; Swan with the Eight-foot Wingspan, MJ:87; Continent-wide Plan to Restore Ducks, ND:88; The Battle to Save Poisoned Trumpeter Swans, JA:89; Minnesota Ducks Dabble or Dive for Dinner, Young Naturalists, MA:98

Waterfowl diseases. Disease Control: Rx for Ailing Waterfowl, ND:90

Waterfowl management. They're Working Wonders For Waterfowl, MA:75; The Cache Controversy, JA:77; The Winged Giants of Silver Lake, JF:79; Prescription For A Healthy Marsh, SO:79; Old Baldy, SO:79; Bands Track Migrating Waterfowl, SO:84; Calling Ducks Back to Swan Lake, MA:86; Lake Christina: Reclaiming Prime Waterfowl Habitat, JA:87; Continent-wide Plan to Restore Ducks, ND:88; Swan Lake Revival: Ducks and a Whole Lot More, JF:89; Will the Thunder of Wings Return to Heron Lake? MA:89; Creating a Prairie Home for Ducks, SO:90; Disease Control: Rx for Ailing Waterfowl, ND:90; Don't Count Your Ducks, ND:95

Weasel. The Weasel's Wild Ways, JF:82

Weather. Thunder and Lightning, JA:74; The Delicate Science of Cloud Seeding, MA:75; Blizzard! ND:75; The Lore of Weather Proverbs, SO:84; Raingauge Observers Track Minnesota's Weather, JF:85; How's the Weather? A Report from Our State Climatologist, SO:87; One Hundred Years of Weather Watching, ND:88; Reading the Sky, Volunteer center color, JA:89; Northern Lights, JA:93; Stuff That Falls From the Sky, Young Naturalists, ND:96

Weaver Bottoms. Ambitious Plan to Restore Weaver Bottoms, JA:86

Weaver, John E. A Weaver of Underground Stories, JA:90

Westby, Gary. Conservation Officer of the Year, Field Notes, MJ:98

Westwood Hills Environmental Education Center. Why Have Nature Centers? JA:80

Wetlands. Never Call Them Wastelands, SO:74; Putting Spring Runoff to Work, MA:76; Early Summer Marsh, MJ:76; What to do with Luedtke Slough? ND:76; The Battle of Bryson Marsh, JA:79; Water Bank: Keeping Wetlands Wet, SO:79; $ For Wetlands, SO:79; Prescription For A Healthy Marsh, SO:79; A Czech For Wetlands, JA:80; "I Made A Difference," SO:81; Big Bog: Energy Garden or Wilderness Sanctuary? MA:82; Oscar Nerhus' Remarkable Wildlife Pools, ND:82; Goal: One Million Acres for Wildlife, JF:83; Hidden World in a Roadside Pond, MJ:83; Predator vs. Prey in Underwater World of a Roadside Pond, MJ:83; Purple Loosestrife: Aggressive Invader of Meadow and Wetland, JA:83; What Prudence Dictates for Our Wetlands, Governor's message, JA:83; We Dug 130 Acres of Wetlands, JF:85; Wetland Drainage: Time for a New Look at an Old Law? MA:85; Scoring a Wetland's Usefulness, JF:86; Ambitious Plan to Restore Weaver Bottoms, JA:86; Update on the Purple Invader, JA:88; Wetland Banking Creates Better Habitat for Wildlife, SO:88; Swan Lake Revival: Ducks and a Whole Lot More, JF:89; Will the Thunder of Wings Return to Heron Lake? MA:89; Marvelous Wildflowers of the Cedar Swamp, Volunteer center color, MA:89; Our Wetlands, Volunteer center color, Our Wetland Laws Leak, Private Victories, Wetland Lakes for Wildlife, Who Protects Wetlands? Ten Ways to Save Minnesota's Wetlands, and Look for the Loon and Save Wetlands for Wildlife, Governor's message, MA:90; Creating a Prairie Home for Ducks, SO:90; Let's Stop Leaks in Our Wetland Law, Governor's message, MA:91; Will Wetland Laws Spring New Leaks?, Parting Thoughts, JF:92; Speak Up for Wetlands, Parting Thoughts, SO:92; Secrets of the Bogs, ND:92; Don't Count Your Ducks, ND:95; A Common Vision for Wetlands, Parting Thoughts, ND:97

Whitewater State Park. "You Have Thirty Minutes-!" MJ:80; Flood Alert! Whitewater's Early Warning System Saves Lives, JA:88

Whitewater Wildlife Management Area. Wild Turkeys of the Whitewater, MA:75

Wild and Scenic Rivers Program. Our Wild and Scenic Rivers, SO:76; Changing Role For Our Rivers, JA:79

Wild asparagus. Let's Pick Wild Asparagus! MJ:85

Wild berries. Berry Pickin' Time, JA:79; Wild Strawberries: Nature's Taste-Treat, MA:82; Juicy Goodness of Wild Berries, JA:82; Rose Hip: Juicy Winter Berry of the Wild Rose, ND:84; Minnesota's Bountiful Berries, JA:92

Wild cats. Wildcat! JF:78; The Lynx Link, JF:78; When Kitty Becomes a Killer, MA:78; Mountain Lions in Minnesota? MJ:84; Wildcats! JF:94

Wild dogs. Man's Best Friend? JF:79; Wild Dogs, MA:95

Wild foods. You Can Be A Wild Game Gourmet! JA:73; Our Edible Wild Weeds, MJ:74; Caring For Our Wild Crop, SO:74; Legacy of the Indian-, ND:74; Berry Pickin' Time, JA:79; Let's Hear It For Ol' Lion's-Tooth, MA:80; Wild Rice: Wilderness Staple Through The ages, SO:81; The Joy of Autumn Nutting, SO:81; Wild Strawberries: Nature's Taste-Treat, MA:82; Juicy Goodness of Wild Berries, JA:82; A Day Wild Ricing at Deep Portage, SO:83; Try Fried Puffballs and Scrambled Eggs! Delicious With Fried Grouse, Too! SO:83; Rose Hip: Juicy Winter Berry of the Wild Rose, ND:84; Let's Pick Wild Asparagus! MJ:85; Wild Rice: Delicious, Nutritious, Aquatic Grass, SO:85; Maple Syruping in Your Back Yard, MA:87; Minnesota's Bountiful Berries, JA:92; The Puzzling Loss of Wild Rice, JA:93; Wild Food Wizard, JA:96

Wild rice. Caring For Our Wild Crop, SO:74; Wild Rice: Wilderness Staple Through The ages, SO:81; A Day Wild Ricing at Deep Portage, SO:83; Wild Rice: Delicious, Nutritious, Aquatic Grass, SO:85; The Puzzling Loss of Wild Rice, JA:93

Wild turkey. Wild Turkeys of the Whitewater, MA:75; The Comeback Trail of the Wily Wild Turkey, JF:91

Wilderness. My Winter in Minnesota's Big Bog, ND:74; Solitude (excerpted from Reflections From the North Country), SO:77; Quetico-Superior: Our Perfect Canoe Country, JA:87; Dance of Death, Excerpt from Bumming With the Furies, MA:93

Wilderness ethics. Ranger in the BWCA, JF:83; Sigurd Olson's Last Book (excerpt from Of Time and Place), MA:83

Wilderness Inquiry II. Can Do! Wilderness Travel with Physically Disabled Persons, JF:86; The Winter Camping Challenge, JF:90

Wildflowers. Protected Wildflowers (pg. 32), MA:74; The Blooming of the Roadsides, MJ:74; Hunting the Calypso, MJ:74; For Orchid Fanciers, MJ:74; Dilemma of the Orchids, MJ:74; Beauty in the Secret Places, MJ:74; An Adventure in Growing Wildflowers, JF:75; Morning Dew, Volunteer center color, MA:76; In Search of the Ram's Head, MJ:76; Grow Minnesota's Regal Flower, JA:76; Try Growing Wildflowers, MA:77; Beauty Among The Branches, MJ:79; Let's Hear It For Ol' Lion's-Tooth, MA:80; Big Bog's Orchids, MA:82; Wildflower Watching in Our State Parks, MJ:82; Watch for Wildflowers in the City, JA:82; Grow Wildflowers in Your Back Yard, JA:83; Capture the Beauty of Wildflowers-on Film, JA:83; Showy Colors Serve a Wildflower's Purpose, JA:83; Purple Loosestrife: Aggressive Invader of Meadow and Wetland, JA:83; Laboratory Orchids May Show Way to Preserve Wild Orchids, SO:83; Spring Ephemerals: Flowers That Co-exist with Trees, MA:85; Fascinating Orchids, MJ:86; Bringing Wild Plants Home to Die, MA:87; Guardian of Rare Native Flowers, JA:87; Glimpses of the Vanished Prairie, Volunteer center color, JA:87; "Blossom by blossom the spring begins," Volunteer center color, MA:88; Marvelous Wildflowers of the Cedar Swamp, Volunteer center color, MA:89; Why the Dwarf Trout Lily Is Hard to Find, MA:89; Explore Minnesota's Roadside Wildflowers, Governor's message, MJ:89; Wild Roadsides, SO:91; North Country Orchids, MA:93; Woodland Wonders, MA:96

Wildlife. So You Really Want To Save Wildlife? ND:73; How To Work Wonders for Wildlife, MJ:74; Wildlife And The Weed Tree, MA:75; Roadsides For Wildlife, MA:75; Wildlife: Living Barometer of Pollution, JF:77; "Land Rush [Grab'] in the Northwest, ND:77; My Wild Life With a Biologist, MJ:77; A Different Kind of Hunt, Volunteer center color, JA:78; Through My Kitchen Window, JF:80; Wolves On The Hunt, JF:80; Okay, So How Fast Does A Chipmunk Run? SO:80; The Pond In Winter, ND:80; Adaptation: Nature's Secret for Winter Survival, ND:83; Do Animals Play? ND:83; WRC: Care for Injured Wildlife, MJ:84; Wildlife Now Thrives at Lac qui Parle, JA:86; Assessing Minnesota's Wildlife 1935-1986, SO:86; Riddle: Why Does a Bluegill Lay 5,000 Eggs? ND:86; Bell Museum's Creator of Wildlife Dioramas, JF:87; Riddle: Why Does a Bluegill Lay 5,000 Eggs? (Reprinted from Wildlife in North Carolina), JF:87; Counting Our Northern Wildlife, MA:87; Come Winter, Beavers Take a Holiday, SO:87; Pittman-Robertson: Fifty-year Success Story, ND:87; Aiming to Establish Quality Habitat, Matching Supply with Demand, JF:88; Building Roads for Cars and Trucks-Wildlife, Too, JF:88; Prime Places to Watch Minnesota Wildlife, MJ:89; Foster Families Found for Deserted Cubs, JA:89; Learning to Like Bats, Volunteer center color, ND:89; The Winter Woods, JF:91; Hot Spots to Watch Wildlife, MJ:91; War Games in the Wild, JF:93; Goodbye Grasslands? JF:94; Great Views of Wildlife, MJ:95; Teaming With Wildlife, JF:97; Another Hurt Wing, JF:97; Moose Walking in Circles, SO:97; Who Made These Tracks? Young Naturalists, ND:97

Wildlife habitat. The Old Deer Shack, MJ:78; In Search of Solitude, ND:78; There's An Island in my Backyard, ND:78; Attract Wildlife To Your Back Yard, MA:80; Wolsfeld Woods, MJ:80; Our New Scientific and Natural Areas, MJ:80

Wildlife Habitat Improvement, Inc. How To Work Wonders For Wildlife, MJ:74

Wildlife Heritage Foundation. Where There's A "Will"—There's A Way, JA:75

Wildlife management. A Visit With Game Supervisor Roger Holmes, JA:73; Excellence In Fisheries & Wildlife Management, SO:73; Our National Wildlife Refuge System—In Trouble! SO:73; So You Really Want To Save Wildlife? ND:73; The British Approach to Open Space, JF:74; How to Work Wonders for Wildlife, MJ:74; Wildlife and the Weed Tree, MA:75; Sherburne Refuge: Island of Awakening, MA:75; Roadsides for Wildlife, MA:75; Where There's A "Will"—There's A Way, JA:75; In Search of Perspective, SO:75; Cutting Trees to Grow Wildlife, JF:76; Wanted: Ponds for Wildlife, MA:76; Restoring a Minnesota Lake, MA:76; Putting Spring Runoff to Work, MA:76; Minnesota Wildlife Management Areas, SO:76; Why We Need Land for Wildlife, ND:76; Water-Bank Deposits Save Wildlife, ND:76; A Habitat Seminar, MJ:77; Forest Openings: Key to Deer Survival, JA:77; Islands of Green for Cityfolk, JA:77; The Cache Controversy, JA:77; A Recovery Plan for the Eastern Timber Wolf, ND:77; DNR's Response to the Wolf Recovery Plan, ND:77; What Some People Won't Do for Wildlife, MA:78; Bring Back the Bobwhite, ND:78; Managing Our Northwood's Monarch, JF:79; The Winged Giants of Silver Lake, JF:79; Help For Starving Deer, MA:79; Our New Deer Hunt, MA:79; Pellets and Populations, MA:79; Last Call For Cranes? ND:79; Last Dance For the Sharptail? SO:80; Pathway To Wildlife, SO:80; Minnesota In The Year 2000-Fish and Wildlife, JF:81; That Old Gravel Pit: Living Space for Wildlife? MA:83; Why Preserving Our Vanishing Natural Places Is a Business, MJ:83; Here Comes the Cookie Cutter! MJ:83; Ten Years Later, A New Assessment of Minnesota's Wildlife, MJ:84; These Farms Grow Wildlife, SO:84; Getting To Know the Elusive Ruffed Grouse, ND:84; Peregrine Gamble on the North Shore, ND:84; Why Roadsides for Wildlife? MA:85; "Come Birds, Come!" MJ:85; Beep-beep! Radio Signals Track Fish and Wildlife, SO:85; Mass Kills Among Fish and Wildlife, ND:85; Wildlife Now Thrives at Lac qui Parle, JA:86; Assessing Minnesota's Wild-life 1935-1986, SO:86; Counting Our Northern Wildlife, MA:87; Aiming to Establish Quality Habitat, Matching Supply with Demand, JF:88; Building Roads for Cars and Trucks-Wildlife, Too, JF:88; RIM Swings Into Action, MA:88; Economic Value of Fish and Wildlife in Minnesota, MA:88; Taking Stock of Plants, Wildlife, Ecosystems, MA:88; John A. Latsch: Winona's Shy Philanthropist, MA:88; Wetland Banking Creates Better Habitat for Wildlife, SO:88; How We Set the Black Bear Hunting Season, ND:88; A Holistic View of Wildlife, MA:89; Planting a Roadside Prairie, MA:89; Blackhoof Bonanza, MJ:89; Foster Families Found for Deserted Cubs, JA:89; One Couple's Gift to Minnesota, SO:89; Herons in the Heart of the City, JF:90; Our Wetland Laws Leak, MA:90; Private Victories, MA:90; Wetland Lakes for Wildlife, MA:90; Who Protects Wetlands? MA:90; Look for the Loon and Save Wetlands for Wildlife, Governor's message, MA:90; Ten Ways the DNR Protects the Environment, MJ:90; The Search for the Common Loon, MJ:90; Keeping Watch Over Bears, JA:90; Creating a Prairie Home for Ducks, SO:90; My Night Life With the Boreal Owl, SO:90; Trumpeter Swans Take Off, Volunteer center color, SO:90; Budding Biologists Thrive on Fieldwork, SO:90; The Precious Gift of Land, ND:90; Too Much of a Good Thing?, MA:92; Fishing With Hook, Line, and Gun, SO:92; Tooth for a Tooth, ND:92; The Incredible Toolbox, MA:93; Minnesota's Growing Game, SO:98

Wildlife Management Areas. Minnesota Wildlife Management Areas, SO:76; What Some People Won't Do for Wildlife, MA:78; A Czech For Wetlands, JA:80; Welcome to-Screech! Squawk!-Bird City, JF:82; Goal: One Million Acres for Wildlife, JF:83; Bird Song, Prairie Grass, Marigolds on the Right of Way: Summer Ramble in Murray County, MJ:87; Blackhoof Bonanza, MJ:89; Public Hunting Lands Aren't Hard to Find in Minnesota, Governor's message, SO:89; One Couple's Gift to Minnesota, SO:89

Wildlife Rehabilitation Clinic. WRC: Care for Injured Wildlife, MJ:84

Willow River. Willow River: Recalling the Fire That Wasn't, ND:87

Winona Lake. Winona's Campaign to Save the Lake, ND:74

Winter. Blizzard! ND:75; A World in White, ND:75; A Winter Watch, Volunteer center color, JF:77; What Do You Know About Snow? JF:79; Nature's Crystalline Art, JF:79; Winter's [or Nature's] Crystalline Art, JF:81; Winter's Coming, ND:81; Measuring Minnesota's Cold, JF:82; Mid-Winter: Snow on Snow, JF:82; Let it Snow, ND:82; Favorite Foods of Winter Birds, ND:82; Winter's Ice Grip, JF:83; Adaptation: Nature's Secret for Winter Survival, ND:83; Back Yard Birds Brighten Winter Days, JF:84; How Birds Survive Winter in Minnesota, JF:85; The Lesson in the Winter Landscape, JF:85; Armistice Day 1940: The Storm Remembered, ND:85; Images of Winter's Fragile, Rugged Beauty, ND:85; Graceful Contours of Snirt-Or Is It Snort? JF:86; Trees' Season of Sleep, Volunteer center color, JF:86; Surviving Winter on the Prairie, JF:87; Come Winter, Beavers Take a Holiday, SO:87; Join in Minnesota's Winter Pleasures, JF:88; How Fish Survive Under Ice, JF:89; It's Tough Being a Tree in Winter, JF:89; Tim-brrr! ND:89; Great Fun in the Wintertime, ND:89; Dancing on Water, ND:89; Superior Skiing! ND:89; Danger! Thin Ice, Governor's message, ND:89; The Winter Woods, JF:91; The Season of Stillness, JF:92; Warm Winds, JF:93; Stuff that Falls From the Sky, Young Naturalists, ND:96

Winter camping. This Winter, Try Snow Camping, ND:79; On Skis and Snowshoes in the BWCA, ND:82; Quin-zee: Snow Shelter for Winter Campers, JF:83; A Week in the BWCA in Winter, ND:85; The Winter Camping Challenge, JF:90

Winter survival. Adaptation: Nature's Secret for Winter Survival, ND:83; How Birds Survive Winter in Minnesota, JF:85; Trees' Season of Sleep, Volunteer center color, JF:86; Surviving Winter on the Prairie, JF:87; Come Winter, Beavers Take a Holiday, SO:87; How Fish Survive Under Ice, JF:89; It's Tough Being a Tree in Winter, JF:89; Getting Ready for Winter, SO:93

Witch tree. A Legend Lives, MJ:73; Artists Portray North Shore's Witch Tree, JA:82; Witch Tree: Ancient Sentinel on Minnesota's North Shore, JA:86

Wolf Ridge Environmental Learning Center. The Making of a Naturalist, JA:97

Wolsfeld Woods. Wolsfeld Woods, MJ:80; Our New Scientific and Natural Area, MJ:80

Wolves. Trials of the Timber Wolf, MA:74; A Recovery Plan for the Eastern Timber Wolf, ND:77; DNR's Response to the Wolf Recovery Plan, ND:77; Man-killing Wolves: Fact or Folklore? ND:77; Call the Wild Wolf, ND:77; Monument to the Wolf, ND:77; Wolves On The Hunt, JF:80; My Evening Encounters With Wolves, ND:81; Can People and Timber Wolves Co-exist? MJ:85; The Wolf Comes Home, JF:92

Wood carving. Waterfowl Woodcarving, ND:76; Waterfowl in Wood, Volunteer center color, ND:76; Laurie Lundell: Master Waterfowl Carver, ND:88

Wood ducks. Welcome Back the Wood Ducks, Volunteer center color, MJ:76; I Sketch Wood Ducks in the Wild, MA:84; Your Back Yard: Possible Home for Wood Ducks? MA:85; A Good DayÕs Work, Text and photographs by Bill Marchel, MA:98

Wood heat. A Wood-Heated Home: Really For You? JF:78; Wood Heat: Right For You? ND:81; Hazards of Heating With Wood, ND:83

Wood ticks. Deer Tick Alert! MJ:87; How to Cope With the Common Wood Tick, MJ:89

Wood turtles. Looking for a Few Wood Turtles, MJ:94

Woodpeckers. What's Making a Racket? JF:95

Worms. A New Angle on Earthworms, JA:98