Stand Treatment Prescription Definitions

What are stand prescriptions?

A stand prescription is a planned treatment of a forest site designed to change current stand structure or condition to one that meets management goals. Prescriptions are arranged hierarchically within categories. For example, "even-aged regeneration harvest" is a general category, with "clearcut" being one method within this category. Under clearcut, different types of clearcut harvest are further defined. General prescriptions are commonly used at the planning stage. After a stand has been examined in the field, a more specific prescription is usually assigned.

Key to stand prescription definitions

Large bold type	The most general stand prescription categories.
Normal-sized bold type	General categories within the most general categories.
*Bold italic type*	More specific categories.
Normal type	The most specific level of stand prescription.

Definitions

No Action-Free to Grow	No management activity is planned or required during current stage of stand development or before next scheduled site visit.
Reserve, Designated	Stand is reserved for a designated purpose (example: the stand is a designated SNA).
Reserve, Old Growth	Stand is reserved because it is a designated old growth stand.
Reserve, Future Old Growth	Stand is reserved because it is a designated future old growth stand.

Regeneration Harvest	General category for timber harvest methods that are designed to prepare a stand for natural (natural seeding/sprouting) or artificial (planting/seeding) regeneration.
Even-Aged Regen Harvest	General category for harvest methods designed to regenerate a stand with a single age class. The result is a stand of trees containing a single age class in which the range of tree ages is usually less than 20 percent of rotation.
*Clearcut*	Removal or felling, in a single cutting, of essentially all trees in the stand.
Clearcut- with Reserves	Same as above, but leave trees in clumps, strips, or islands occupy a minimum of 5% of the clearcut harvest unit, or greater than 5 leave trees per acre are left scattered throughout the site.
Clearcut-Sprouting	Removal or felling of essentially all trees to prepare site for natural regeneration by root or stump sprouting of harvested trees.
Clearcut-w/Rsrv - Sprouting	Same as above, but leave trees in clumps, strips, or islands occupy a minimum of 5% of the clearcut harvest unit, or greater than 5 leave trees per acre are left scattered throughout the site.
Clearcut-Natural Seeding	Removal or felling of essentially all trees in the stand to prepare site for natural seeding. Additional site preparation may or may not follow harvest.
Clearcut-w/Rsrv Natural Seeding	Same as above, but leave trees in clumps, strips, or islands occupy a minimum of 5% of the clearcut harvest unit, or greater than 5 leave trees per acre are left scattered throughout the site.
Clearcut-Artificial Regen	Removal or felling of essentially all trees in the stand to prepare site for planting or seeding. Additional site preparation may or may not follow harvest.
Clearcut-w/Rsrv - Artificial Regen	Same as Clearcut-Artificial Regen, but leave trees in clumps, strips, or islands occupy a minimum of 5% of the clearcut harvest unit, or greater than 5 leave trees per acre are left scattered throughout the site.
*Seed Tree*	An even-aged regeneration method in which an area is clearcut except that certain trees, called seed trees, are left standing singly or in groups for the purpose of furnishing seed to restock the cleared area. Seed trees are removed after regeneration is
Seed Tree- with Reserves	Same as Seed Tree, but leave trees in clumps, strips, or islands occupy a minimum of 5% of the clearcut harvest unit, or greater than 5 leave trees per acre are left scattered throughout the site.
Seed Tree-Interm Cuts	The initial harvest(s) from which seed trees are left standing.
Seed Tree-w/Rsrv-Interm Cut	Same as Seed Tree-Interm Cuts, but leave trees in clumps, strips, or islands occupy a minimum of 5% of the clearcut harvest unit, or greater than 5 leave trees per acre are left scattered throughout the site.
Seed Tree-Final Harvest	The final harvest of the standing seed trees after regeneration is established.
Seed Tree-w/Rsrv-Final Harvest	Same as Seed Tree-Final Harvest, but leave trees in clumps, strips, or islands occupy a minimum of 5% of the clearcut harvest unit, or greater than 5 leave trees per acre are left scattered throughout the site.
*Shelterwood*	A method of regenerating an even-aged stand by a series of partial cuttings, resembling thinnings, which extend over a small fraction of the rotation and provide protected seedbeds for regeneration. The sequence of treatments can include three distinct t
Shelterwood-with Reserves	Same as Shelterwood, but leave trees in clumps, strips, or islands occupy a minimum of 5% of the clearcut harvest unit, or greater than 5 leave trees per acre are left scattered throughout the site.
Shelterwood-Interim Cuts	The harvest(s) prior to final removal of the original overstory.
Shelterwood-w/Rsrv-Interm Cut	Same as Shelterwood-Interim Cuts, but leave trees in clumps, strips, or islands occupy a minimum of 5% of the clearcut harvest unit, or greater than 5 leave trees per acre are left scattered throughout the site.
Shelterwood-Final Harvest	Final removal cut to release established regeneration.
Shelterwood-w/Rsrv-Final Harvest	Same as Shelterwood-Final Harvest, but leave trees in clumps, strips, or islands occupy a minimum of 5% of the clearcut harvest unit, or greater than 5 leave trees per acre are left scattered throughout the site.
*Salvage - Clearcut*	Removal or felling of essentially all trees from a stand after a windstorm, wildfire, insect and disease damage, or other environmental factors.
Salvage-w/Rsrv-Clearcut	Same as Salvage - Clearcut, but leave trees in clumps, strips, or islands occupy a minimum of 5% of the clearcut harvest unit, or greater than 5 leave trees per acre are left scattered throughout the site.
Salvage - Clearcut - Windstorm	Removal or felling of essentially all trees from a stand after a windstorm.
Salvage-w/Rsrv-Clearcut-Windstorm	Same as Salvage - Clearcut - Windstorm, but leave trees in clumps, strips, or islands occupy a minimum of 5% of the clearcut harvest unit, or greater than 5 leave trees per acre are left scattered throughout the site.
Salvage - Clearcut - Wildfire	Removal or felling of essentially all trees from a stand after a wildfire.
Salvage-w/Rsrv-Clearcut-Wildfire	Same as Salvage - Clearcut - Wildfire, but leave trees in clumps, strips, or islands occupy a minimum of 5% of the clearcut harvest unit, or greater than 5 leave trees per acre are left scattered throughout the site.
Salvage - Clearcut - I & D	Removal or felling of essentially all trees from a stand because of insect and disease damage.
Salvage-w/Rsrv-Clearcut-I & D	Same as Salvage - Clearcut - I & D, but leave trees in clumps, strips, or islands occupy a minimum of 5% of the clearcut harvest unit, or greater than 5 leave trees per acre are left scattered throughout the site.
Salvage - Clearcut - Environmental	Removal or felling of essentially all trees from a stand because of environmental factors such as beaver flooding.
Salvage-w/Rsrv-Clearcut-Environment	Same as Salvage - Clearcut - Environmental, but leave trees in clumps, strips, or islands occupy a minimum of 5% of the clearcut harvest unit, or greater than 5 leave trees per acre are left scattered throughout the site.
*Sanitation - Clearcut*	Removal or felling of essentially all trees from a stand to stop or reduce actual or anticipated spread of insects and disease.
Sanitation-w/Rsrv-Clearcut	Same as Sanitation - Clearcut, but leave trees in clumps, strips, or islands occupy a minimum of 5% of the clearcut harvest unit, or greater than 5 leave trees per acre are left scattered throughout the site.
Two-Aged Regen Harvest	Harvest designed to maintain and regenerate a stand with two age classes. The resulting stand may be two-aged or tend towards an uneven-aged condition as a consequence of both extended period of regeneration establishment and the retention of reserve tree
*Clearcut-With Reserves*	A clearcutting method (as Clearcut) in which varying numbers of trees, or groups of trees, are not harvested to attain goals other than regeneration.
Clearcut-w/Rsrv-Sprouting	Clearcutting with reserves (as Clearcut) to regenerate the stand by sprouting of the harvested trees.
Clearcut-w/Rsrv-Nat Seedg	Clearcutting with reserves (as Clearcut) to regenerate a stand by natural seeding.
Clearcut-w/Rsrv-Atfl Regn	Clearcutting with reserves (as Clearcut) to regenerate a stand by planting or artificial seeding.
*Seed Tree-With Reserves*	A seed tree method in which some or all of the seed trees are retained after regeneration has been established to attain goals other than regeneration.
Seed Tree-w/Rsrv-Intrm Ct	The interim harvest(s) of a seed tree with reserves system.
Seed Tree-w/Rsrv-Final Ct	Final harvest of non-reserved trees in a seed tree with reserves system.
*Shelterwood-With Reserves*	Some or all of the shelter trees are retained well beyond the normal period of retention to attain goals other than regeneration.
Shelterwd-w/Rsrv-Intrm Ct	The interim harvests(s) of a shelterwood with reserves system.
Shelterwd-w/Rsrv-Final Ct	Final harvest of non-reserved trees in a shelterwood with reserves system.
Uneven-Aged Regen Harvest	Methods of regenerating a stand, and maintaining an uneven-aged structure, by removing some trees in all size classes either singly, in small groups, or in strips. The result is a stand of trees of three or more distinct age classes, either intimately mix
*Group Selection*	A method of regenerating uneven-aged stands in which trees are removed, and new age classes are established, in small groups. The maximum width of the groups is approximately twice the height of the mature trees.
Group Selection-w/Reserve	A variant of the group selection system in which some trees within the group are not cut to attain goals other than regeneration within the group. The remaining stand should include a minimum of 6 cavity trees, potential cavity trees and/or snags per acre
Group Selection - Salvage	Salvage harvest in a stand where small groups of trees are harvested because of windstorm, wildfire, or insects,disease, or animal damage and an uneven-aged stand structure is to be maintained.
*Single Tree Selection*	A method of creating new age classes in uneven-aged stands in which individual trees of all size classes are removed more-or-less uniformly throughout the stand to achieve desired stand structure.

Intermediate Harvest	Any intermediate timber harvest designed to enhance growth, quality, vigor, and composition of the stand prior to final harvest.
Commercial Thinning	Timber thinning harvest that will generate revenue from sale of wood products.
Row Thinning-Commercial	Commercial harvest of selected rows of a plantation. Generally done to reduce stand density and increase future tree growth.
Strip Thinning-Commercial	Commercial harvest of strips in a natural stand. Generally done to reduce stand density and increase future tree growth.
Selective Thinning-Comrcl	Commercial harvest of selected trees in a stand. Often the harvest trees are marked. Generally done to: a.) remove less desirable trees (species or form) from a stand, b.) decrease stand density and increase future growth of the more desirable trees left.
Salvage Cut - Selective Harvest	The selective removal of dead trees or trees being damaged or dying due to injurious agents other than competition, to recover value that would otherwise be lost.
Sanitation Cut - Selective Harvest	The selective removal of trees to improve stand health by stopping or reducing actual or anticipated spread of insects and disease.

Non-Timber Harvest	Harvest of plant products that do not require removal of live trees (example: maple syrup, herbs).

Manage for Understory	The management prescription is to not harvest this stand but to manage it for the understory species. The stand typically has a very low volume of merchantable timber but it has adequate desirable regeneration established. The stand will be allowed to naturally regenerate to the understory tree species without timber harvest. An inventory alteration will be made to update the stand data.

Non-Timber Products	Non-timber products
Boughs	Bough harvest.
Christmas Trees	Christmas or ornamental tree harvest.

TMP On-site Visit	The timber management planning process (TMP) specifies that the stand needs a site visit to accurately determine stand condition in order to make a management prescription. As an example, a mature birch stand in a birch decline area inventoried ten years

SFRMP On-site Visit	The Subsection Forest Resource Management Plan (SFRMP) identified this stand as one requiring a field visit to determine the detailed management prescription. Stands with this prescription may have been identified as High Risk Low Volume (HRLV) in the SFRMP based on one or more of the following 1) stands coded as high risk in CSA forest inventory; 2) significant insect or disease damage to the main species in the stand; 3) stands over rotation age at time of survey with total stand volume less than eight cords per acre (i.e., low volume); 4) or a very old stand, e.g. aspen over 80 years old. Also, referred to as a low-density stand pool which includes stands with very low stocking or volume per acre. The stand will be field visited to determine if it will be appraised and sold on a timber sale; managed for the regenerating species; regenerated through the use of forest development practices such as site preparation and planting; or updated through re-inventory of the stand. SFRMP plans provide guidance on the management of stands assigned this prescription.

Re-Inventory	Stand attribute data is determined to be so inaccurate that re-inventory is required.